Synchronized quadruplex telegraphy



w. c. PETERMAN SYNCHRONI;EDE'QUADRUPLEX TELEGRAPHY Filed Sept. 18, 1924 4 Sheetsheet 74 `Ifo) IIIIIIIIIIIIIIII.

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Dor Com-Avr LQQQLM' W. c. PETERMAN SYNCHRONIZED QUADRUPLEX TELEGRAPHY Filed. sept. 18, 1924 sheets-sheet 2 W. C. PETERMAN SYNCHRONIZED QUADRUPLEX TELEGRAPHY Filed spt; 18, 1924 4 shee's-snee-fv l Illllllllllllllllllll Illrlllllllllllllllll f//Mt VHHIIIIIIUIIIIIIIIUIJ Jan.. 15, 1929. 1 v

^ w. c. PETERMAN SYNCHRONIZED QUADRUPLEX TELEGRAPHY .4 Sheets-Sheet Filed Sept. 18, 1924 Patented dan., l5, i929.

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PATENT OFFICE.

WLLIAM C. PETERMAN, OF RUTHERFORD, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR TO THE WESTERN UNION TELEGBAPH COMPANY, OFV NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION F NEW YORK.

SYNCHRONIZED QUADRUILEX TELEGRAPHY.

Application nledj'Se'ptemlier 18,1924. Serial No. 738,471.

The present invention relates to systems of telegraphy.

More particularly the invention relates to improvements in methods of operating systenis of telegraphy in which a plurality of messages may be simultaneously transmitted in the same direction over a single line wire, and to improvements in apparatus for suoli systems.

In the well known diplex, quadruplex, sextuplex, octoplex, and like telegraph systems, a plurality of messages are simultaneously sent in the same direction over a single line wire. A common method of distinguishing between the diiferent messages is to rely upon the polarity of impulses to produce one set of signals, and to rely upon variations in current strength to produce another set of signal's.' A well known system in which the v polarity of signals, and current strengths are relied upon to send diiferent messages simultaneously is the quadruplex system utilizing a receiving polarized relay responsive to reversals in current whether strong or Weak, and a neutral receiving relay responsive only to impulses of more than a predetermined minimum strength at each station. 'In such systems, it is at present the practice tosend signals on veach side out of step and without 3 any definite established relation with regard to each other. The result is that a great num-4 ber of abrupt changes in applied lpotential occur on the line, which in well known manner, set up various high frequency vibrations. The setting up of these frequencies results in increased at-tenuation and distortion of the signals, which on the usual lines, becomes so serious asv to produce false effects on the neutral side. The false effects so produced, impair seriously tlie practical value of such systems and greatly increase the operating difficult-ies. l have found that by establishing a deiinit'e relation in the transmission of impulses on the polar and the neutral sides so that the changes in strength of current for signals on the neutral side are caused to occur when the current is reversed for signals on the polar side, the number of abrupt changes in transmitted current strength and applied potential are materially reduced. rll`he result is a decided improvement in the signals due to decreased attenuation and distortion, making possible multiple simultaneous transmission over lines which have been invention is the fact that it makes possible the practical quadruplex operation of multipleX rotary distributor printing telegraph systems, in this manner materially increasing the carrying capacity of the lines to which the invention is applied. n The objects of the invent-ion are to provide improved methods of operaiton and improved apparatus for telegraph systems of the character mentioned; to provide improved transmitting and repeating arrangements for quadruplex systems; to provide novel methods of operation and novel apparatus for rotary distributor multiplex systems, and such other objects as may be attained by utilization of the various combinations, subcombinations'and principles hereinafter set forth in the detailed disclosure of preferred embodiments of the invention and in the appended. claims.

Referring to the drawingsv Fig. 1 represents the variations in applied potential of transmitted signals on an ordinary quadruplex line.

Fig.. 2 represents the applied potential variation for the signals indicated in Fig. l, when sent in accordance with the present invention.

Figs. 3 to 8 inclusive show diagrams of various transmitting arrangements for applying the invention to rotary distributor multiplex systems.

Fig. 9l illustrates a receiving and ietransmitting or repeating arrangement; and Fig. 10 illustrates another modification of the quadruplex repeating arrangement.

In Figs. l and 2, the reference characters' l indicate dashes sent on the polar side of an ordinary quadruplex system and 2 represents the dots sent. on the polar side. The dots and dashes arey made up of impulses of proper length and of one polarity, and the spaces between dots'and dashes are indicated by im ynchronization and local control means,

pulses of opposite polarity. On the neutral side, 3 and 4 indicate dots and dashes respectively, which are indicated by impulses of increased strength of either polarity, the spaces between dots and dashes being indi; cated by impulses of decreased strength. yAs is well understood, the polar receiving relay. in such systems is operated by impulses regardless of strength while the neutral receiving relay is operated only by the strong impulses of either polarity.

The polar and neutral signals are out ot step as ordinarily sent, with the result that,

as shown by the curve 5 in Fig. 1, a number ot abrupt changes in applied potential ,occur lin length to three dots, and using automatic transmitters such as any well known 'form of keyboard, storage, or tape transmitting mechanisms, connected together or operated in definitely timed relation in any manner, excellent -results may be obtained. The

yvarious forms of automatic transmitters adaptable for this method ot' operation are well known in the art, and the connection thereof in a manner to establish the definite relation are mere matters of detail requiring no specific disclosures to those skilled in the art. It will also be understood that equal length permutation codes may also be trans? mitted to operate printers by the start-stop method from tape or Ikeyboard transmitters.

In Fig. 3, transmitting apparatus for a quadruplex multiplex permutation code rotary distributor arrangement is shown. A rotary distributor is provided with a pair of continuous rings 7 and 8 and a pair of rings 9 and 10 made up of insulated conducting segments. The distributor is divided oil in well known manner into a plurality of channels comprising iive transmitting segments in each channel. Connected to the segments forming` each channel of rings 9 and 10`are a plurality of Baudet tape transmitters 11 and 12, one only heilig indicated connected to each ring for the sakeiot clarity in disclosure.

Transmittecrs 11 are individual to the polar side and transmitters 12 are individual to the neutral side of the system` A pair of brushes 13 and 14 whichmay be carried by the same distributor arm, or driven otherwise in fixed relation, establish connection consecutively between the contacts of rings 9 and 10 with rings 7 and 8 respectively. Only the actual transmitting segments have been indicated, but it will be understood that the usual These abrupt changes may be elimi-- such for example as the transmitter stepping controls are provided. The usual local controls and synchronization methods may be applied in well known manner -by those skilled in the art and since they form no novel part of the present invention, they have been omitted in the disclosure to more clearly show the invention. i

The tongues 15 and 16 of the 4transmitters 11 and 12 are controlled in well known manner by suitable means to be positioned against the mid-point of batteries 23 and 24 is coIny pleted by conductor 28 through polarized re* lay 29, which constitutes the transmitting Ielay or the .neutral side. When impulses of one polarity are to be transmitted to the line, the current through relays 26 and 27 is such as to cause tongues 30 and 31 thereof to engage contacts 32 and 33 respectively and when the polarity of the impulses is to be reversed, tongue 30 is caused to engage contact 34 and tongue 31 is thrown into engagement with contact35. To transmit neutral side spacing and marking'conditions respectively, tongue 36 of relay 29 vengages contacts 37 and 38. Contacts 32 and 35 areconnected by conductors 39 and 40 to one terminal of transmitting battery 41; contacts 33 and 34 are connected to tongue 36 ot relay 29 by conductor 42; contact 37 is connected by conductor 43 between Vthe terminals of batteries 41 and 44; and contact 38 is connected to a terminal of battery 44by conductor 45. Tongue 30 of relay 26 is connected to the line lead 46, and tongue 31 of relay 27 is grounded at 47.

In operation, brushes 13 and 14 will move over the contacts of rings 9 and 10 in definitely iXcd relation and in a manner to simultaneously apply-the polar and neutral side impulses to the line. The nature of the impulses will be determined by the positions ot the transmitting tongues 15 and 16 in well known manner. Tongues 30 and 31 of relays 26 and 27 will move simultaneously in a manner to apply the reversals of polarity to the line in accordance with the code combinations to be transmitted on the polar side and tongue 3G will be shifted between contacts 37 and 38 in accordance with the signals to be transmitted on the neutral side. lVith tongue 36 against contact 37 a weak impulse will be transmitted from battery 41, and with tongue 36 against contact 38 a stronO impulse will be transmitted from the combined'-batteries 41 and 44.

The polarity of the impulses will be governed by tongues 30 and 31. At the receiving end, polarized relay 48 willbe responsive to all impulses to control synchronousv multiplex recciving apparat-us in accordance with the reversals due to transmitted signals on the polar side, While neutral relay 49 will respond t0 the strong impulses independently of polarity to control synchronous multiplex apparatus on the neutral side. Any appropriate and well known form of line-relay-controlled receiving apparatus may be operated by relays 48 and 49. It will be noted that the relative position of brushes 13 and 14 is such to cause any movement ot' tongue 36 to occur simultaneously with tongues 30 and 31, and the variations in strength of line impulses will accordingly occur simultaneously with the reversals 1n polarity.

' In Fig. 4 a form of synchronous quadruplex multiplex transmitting apparatus embodying the invention is shown in which the transmitting' relays are eliminated and the impulses are imparted from the distributor directly to the line. The distributor shown in Fig. 3 is modified by the addition of conducting ring 50 and segmented ring 51, the segments of' which are the same in number and occupy the same angular sectors as corresponding segments of ring 9. The transmitters 12 on the neutral side are the same as for Figure 1. The transmitters 11 on the polar side, have added thereto an extra set of transmit-ting tongues 53 which are permanently connected to and movable with tongues 15 by means of connecting links 54. Tongues 53 are adapted to engage with fixed contacts 55 and 56 when tongues 15 linked thereto engage contacts 17 and 19 respectively. Tongues 53 are connected in order to consecutive segments ot' ring 51 and in such relation that brushes 13 and 57 establish connections simultaneously between rings 7 and 50 and each pair of linked tongues 15 and 53. Ring 50 is connectcd to line lead 46; ring 7 is connected directly v to ground 47; contacts 2() of the neutral side transmitters are connected to the mid-point between batteries 41 and 44; contacts 18 of the neutral side transmitters are connected to the end terminal battery 44; contacts 17 and 56 of the polar side transmitters are multipled together and connected by lead 58 to the free terminal of battery 41; and contacts 19 and 55 of the polar side transmitters are multiplied together by lead 59 to ring 8.

ln operation brushes 13, 14 and 57 simultaneously establish connections between the segments of rings 9, 10 and 51 and the corresponding rings 7, 8, and 50. The position of tongues 15 and 53 of the transmitters 11 determine the polarity ot' theimpulses, and the positionsolt tongues 16 of transmitters 12 determine whether a. weak impulse from battery 41 alone, or a strong impulse from batteries 41 and 44 combined -will be I transmitted.

With a tongue 16 against its contact 18 in transmitters 12 and the corresponding tongues 15 and 53 against contacts 19 and 56 in transmitters 11, a circuit willbe completed from ground 47, through ring 7, brush 13, the corresponding segment ot ring 9, tongue 15, contact 19, lead 59, ring 8, brush 14, the corresponding segment of ring 10, tongue 16, contact 18, batteries 44 and 41', lead 58 to contact 56, tongue 53, the corresponding segment of ring 51, brush 57, ring 5() to line lead 46. A strong impulse of definite polarity will pass to the line. Assuming that on the next impulse the tongue 16 engages contact 18, but the tongues 15 and 53 engage contacts 17 and 56, the circuit will pass from tongue 15 to contact 17, lead 58, batteries 41 and 44, contact 18, tongue 16, over brush 14 to ring 8, contact 55, tongue 53, and over brush 57 to ring 5() and line lead 46, transmitting a .strong impulse of reversed polarity. lVhen a tongue 16 is thrown into engagement with its contact 20, battery 44 is removed from the transmitting circuit, and weak impulses otl apolarity determined by the positions of tongues 15 and 53 will be transn'iitted. The receiver control may be the same as set forth in connection with Fig. 3.

In Fig. 5 an arrangement is shown whereby resistances are introduced by the neutral side transmitter in a manner to vary the strength of the impulses. y In this form, .ring 7 is connected through a resistance 60 to ground 47, contacts 18 ot the neutral side transmitters 12 are connected in order to the segments or" ring 9; tongues 15 of the polar side transmitters 11 are connected to the corresponding contacts 20 of transmitters 12; tongues 16 of transmitters 12 are connected to the segments of ring 10; contacts 20 of transmitters 12 are connected through resistances 61 to the leads from tongues 16 to ring 10, and ring 8 is connected direct-ly to line lead 46. Contacts 17 of transmitters 11 are connected to the negative terminal of battery 62 and contacts 19 are connected to the positivc terminal of battery The opposite terminals of batteries 62 and 63 are grounded at 64. In operation, the positions'of tongues 15 determine the polarity of the impulses transmitted. 4llith the corresponding tongues 16 against contacts 20, resistances 61 will be shunted by the'tongues 16 and the strong impulses will be transmitted. With tongues 16 engaging contacts 18, resistances 61 will be in series with the line circuit, and brush 13 Willcomplete slnt paths through tongues 16, contacts 15, segments'of ring 9, ring 7, through resistance 60 to ground 64, causing weak impulses to be transmitted. The, inclusion of resistances 61 and establishing the shunt through resistance 60 Will effect a material reduction in strength of the line impulses.

lln Fig. 6 a simplification of the arrange-l ment shown in Fig. 4 is disclosed. The .rings 8 and 10 are eliminated, tongues 16 of transmitters 12 are connected directly to the correspondingfcontacts 17 and 56 of transmitters 11, and lead 59 is connected to the contacts 19'and 55 of transmitters 11. The remaining connections are the same as set forth in the description ot Fig. 4. In operation, the positions of tongues 16 determine Whether battery 44.-Will be connected in the circuit or cut out. VVih tongues -16 engaging contacts 18, battery 44 vvillAbeadded to battery 41 and .strong impulses will be transmitted, and engaging contacts 18, Weak impulses will be transmitted. The positions ot tongues 15 and 53 will determine the polarity of the transmitted impulses. The line circuit comprises ground 47, ring 7, brush 13, ring 9, tongues 15, contacts 19, conductor 58, batteries 41 and 44 or 41 alone, contacts 18 or 20, tongues 16, contacts 56, tongues 53, ring 51, brush 57 and ring 50 to line '46; or from tongues 15, through contacts 17, tongues 16, contacts 18 or 20, through batteries 44 and 41 or 41 alone, conductor 58, contacts tongues 53, rings 51 and 5() to line 46.

In' Fig. 7 an arrangement is shown in which only one segmental distributor ring is utilized. In this form line 46 is connected to ring 450, and the polar side transmitters 11 have the tongues 15 thereof connected in order to the segments of ring 51. Tongues 65 are connected to tongues 16 ot neutral side transmitters 12 by means of links 66. Contacts 67 and 68 are adapted lto be engaged by tongues 65. Contacts 17 and 19 of transmitters 11 are connected to corresponding pairs of tongues V16 and 65 respectively of transmitters 12; contacts 2O are connected to the positive terminal of battery 69; contacts 18 are connected to the negative terminal of battery 69 and to the positive terminal of battery 70, and the negative terminal of battery 70 is grounded at 71. Contacts 68 are connected to the negative terminal of battery 7 2; contacts 67 are connected to the positive terminal battery 72 and to the negative terminal ot battery 73, and the positive terminal of 73 is grounded at 74. In operation, as brush 57 rotates over the segments of ring 51 impulses of varying strengths and polarity are imparted to line 46. The polarity of the impulses is determined by the position of tongues 15 of transmitters 11, and the strength of the impulses is determined by the positions of tongues 16 and 65. The positive impulses are transmitted from batteries 69 and 70 and the negative impulses are transmitted from batteries 72 and 73.

In Fig. 8 a modification of the form shown in Fig. 5 is disclosed in which only one segmented distributor ring is utilized. The rings 7 and 9 and resistance 60 of Fig. 5 are eliminated and the contacts 18 of transmitters 12 are grounded through resistances 75,

one of which is individual to each contact. With tongues 16 engaging contacts 20 resistances 61 are shunted and strong impu ses are transmitted. VWhen contacts 18 are engaged,

resistances 61 will be in series in the line circuit and a high resistance shunt or leak path will be closed through contacts 18 causing weak line impulses to be sent.4

I t will be understood that in each of the forms disclosed, the usual local and synchronization controls are provided. The neutral and polar transmitting tapes are stepped ahead simultaneously and since the transmission occurs from a common distrib'utor,I

the changes in strength and polarity Will occur simultaneously in each form. Accordingly the impulses on the line Will be the same for each form of transmitting apparatus.

An arrangement of transmitting relays and batteries similar to that shown in Figure 3 may be effectively utilized in a. repeater for quadruplex systems. Such a repeating arrangemeent is illustated in Fig. 9. Connected in a bridge bet-Ween line conductors 76 and the usual artificial balancing lines 77, are polarized receiving relays 78 and 79 and neutral receiving relay 80. Relays 78 and 79 are responsive to all 4impulses of either polarity, and relay 80 responds only to strong impulses of either polarity. The tongues 81 of relays 78 are connected to the transmitting leads 82 of the lines to Which the received signals are to be repeated, and tongues 83 of relays 79 are grounded at 84. Tongues 81 and 83, engage contacts 85 and 86 when an impulse of one polarity is received, and engage contacts 87 and 88 when an impulse ot i opposite polarity is received. Tongues 89 of relays 80 are held against contacts 90 by springs 91 when Weak impulses of either polarity are received and are attracted to engage contacts 92 .when strong impulses of either polarity are received.- Contacts 85 and 88 are connected to one terminal of batteries 93 conta-cts 86 and 87 are connected to tongues 89 ot relays 80; contacts 90 are connected to the midpoint between batteries 93 and 94; and contacts 92 are connected to the end terminals. of batteries 94.

In operation, tongues 81 and 8.3 of relays 78 and 79 will be positioned against contacts 85 and 86'or 87 and 88 in accordance with the polarity of the received impulses, and tongues 89' will engage contacts 90 or 92 in accordance with the strength of the received impulse. The connections to batteries 93 and 94 are such that the received impulses will be repeated in amplified form over leads 82. The retransmitting circuit is completed on each side from ground 84 over tongue 83 and contact 86, tongue 89 contact 90 through battery 93 for a Weak impulse, or contact 92 pulse, thence over contact 85, tongue 8l to T both polar-and neutral sides on a singled-clay'.

Such relay may be of the well known stretched Wire type disclosed in Muirheads -British Patent No. 10120 of 1901, but modi-` Iied by providing` two sets of contacts on each side. of no-mans-land, one set spaced `farther apart than the other and located at a different position along the stretched Wire. If the -signal is of small amplitude, the stretched wire will make contact with one ot the first pair of contacts only, but if it is of large amplitude it will lap or bend over the first contact and make contact with one .of the contacts of the more widely separated pair. I have illustrated such an arrangement in Fig. 10, in which 95 represents the usual suspended coil of a stretched wire relay to which the swinging pointer 96 is attached. The contacting wire 97 is fixed at its lower end and attached to the vlend of the `pointer at its upper end. As will be evident to those familiar' with the art, the local circuits are so arranged that the local apparatus ordi` narily operated by the polar relay of a quadruplex is operated from the closely set contacts 98, 98b and the local apparatus ordinarily operated by the neutral relay of a quadrupleX is operated from the more widely separated contacts 99, 99".

1. A' signaling system, comprising a polarized receiving apparatus responsive to impulses of reversed polarity for the reception of a message, said receiving apparatus being also responsive to a greater degree when said impulses are vof certain predetermined strength to thereby receive a second message, al transmitter for sending impulses of re versed polarities, a transmitter it'or causing said impulses to be of said increased predeterminedstrength, and means for operating said 'transmitters in a manner to cause changes in polarity and in strength to occui` simultaneously.

2. In a signalling system, polar and neutral receiving apparatus for the simultaneous reception of two messages, a pair of relays actuated in accordance with signals to be transmitted over said line to said polar apparatus for transmitting impulses of reverse polarities, and a single relay actuated in accord-- ance'with signals to be transmitted over said line to said neutral receiving apparatus for transmitting impulses of different current values.

3. The combination as set forth in claim 2 inwhich said single relay and said pair of relays are polarized.

4. In a signaling system as set forth in claim 2,v a current sourceco-acting with said single relay having terminals for supplying different voltages, said relay operating to connect the line with said different terminals controlled by the signal impulses to be transmitted to said neutral receiving apparatus.

In testimony whereof I aiiix my signature.

WILLIAM C. PETERMAN. 

